An Airport Authority may be created and be composed of the county or counties that vote in favor of its creation if separate propositions are submitted to the voters of each county so that they may vote for a two or more county Authority or a single county Authority. James Wilson of Pennsylvania objected, stating it would require that state governments enforce slavery at taxpayers' expense. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. The Legislature may by general or special law provide for the creation, establishment, maintenance and operation of hospital districts composed of one or more counties or all or any part of one or more counties with power to issue bonds for the purchase, construction, acquisition, repair or renovation of buildings and improvements and equipping same, for hospital purposes; providing for the transfer to the hospital district of the title to any land, buildings, improvements and equipment located wholly within the district which may be jointly or separately owned by any city, town or county, providing that any district so created shall assume full responsibility for providing medical and hospital care for its needy inhabitants and assume the outstanding indebtedness incurred by cities, towns and counties for hospital purposes prior to the creation of the district, if same are located wholly within its boundaries, and a pro rata portion of such indebtedness based upon the then last approved tax assessment rolls of the included cities, towns and counties if less than all the territory thereof is included within the district boundaries; providing that after its creation no other municipality or political subdivision shall have the power to levy taxes or issue bonds or other obligations for hospital purposes or for providing medical care within the boundaries of the district; providing for the levy of annual taxes at a rate not to exceed seventy-five cents (75) on the One Hundred Dollar valuation of all taxable property within such district for the purpose of meeting the requirements of the district's bonds, the indebtedness assumed by it and its maintenance and operating expenses, providing that such district shall not be created or such tax authorized unless approved by a majority of the qualified voters thereof voting at an election called for the purpose; and providing further that the support and maintenance of the district's hospital system shall never become a charge against or obligation of the State of Texas nor shall any direct appropriation be made by the Legislature for the construction, maintenance or improvement of any of the facilities of such district. 29: See Appendix, Note 3.). 4 of Comanche County, Texas. (Feb. 15, 1876. A political crisis in 1840s Rhode Island, the Dorr Rebellion, forced the Supreme Court to rule on the meaning of this clause. For more information about UELMA, please see the council . Later, Chief Justice John Marshall suggested that the judgment of one state court must be recognized by other states' courts as final. 31. If the Directors are appointed such appointment shall be made by the County Commissioners Court after consultation with and consent of the governing body or bodies of such city or cities. CLERK OF DISTRICT COURT. The county or counties that may be so added to the then existing Authority shall be given representation on the Board of Directors by adding additional directors in proportion to their population according to the last preceding Federal Census. Amended Aug. 11, 1891, Nov. 7, 1978, Nov. 4, 1980, and Nov. 5, 1985.). Under the equal footing doctrine, however, Texas was found not to have control over the three-mile belt after admission into the Union, because the original states did not at the time of joining the union control such waters. The commissioners court may reinstate an office of constable declared dormant by vote of the commissioners court or by calling an election in the precinct to reinstate the office. Sec. Justify your answer. That phrase incorporates all acts prohibited by the laws of a state, including misdemeanors and small, or petty, offenses. (Added Nov. 5, 1985; Subsec. CLERKS OF APPELLATE COURTS. 14. 6 Article 7 of the Texas constitution Requires that the state legislature establish and maintain "an efficient system of public free schools" Article 8 of the Texas constitution deals with taxation and revenue. (c) The Legislature may by law authorize the creation of a hospital district within Jefferson County, the boundaries of which shall include only the area comprising the Jefferson County Drainage District No. ), (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. (1) amended Nov. 6, 2007; Subsec. (c) If such tax is authorized, no political subdivision or municipality within or having the same boundaries as the district may levy a tax for medical or hospital care for needy individuals, nor shall they maintain or erect hospital facilities, but the district shall by resolution assume all such responsibilities and shall assume all of the liabilities and obligations (including bonds and warrants) of such subdivisions or municipalities or both. B. 5: See Appendix, Note 1. [7] With the growth of states' rights advocacy during the antebellum period, the Supreme Court asserted, in Lessee of Pollard v. Hagan (1845),[9] that the Constitution mandated admission of new states on the basis of equality.[10]. (Feb. 15, 1876. The Fugitive Slave Clause requires the return of fugitive slaves; this clause has not been repealed, but it was rendered moot by the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, except in the prison system. (e) Unless the legislature enacts a statewide reapportionment of the judicial districts following each federal decennial census, the board shall convene not later than the first Monday of June of the third year following the year in which the federal decennial census is taken to make a statewide reapportionment of the districts. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this union; but no new states shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the Congress. County judges, county attorneys, clerks of the district and county courts, justices of the peace, constables, and other county officers, may be removed by the judges of the district courts for incompetency, official misconduct, habitual drunkenness, or other causes defined by law, upon the cause therefor being set forth in writing and the finding of its truth by a jury. Sec. A district may not be created or a tax levied unless the creation and tax are approved by a majority of the registered voters who reside in the district. The Supreme Court and the Court of Criminal Appeals may sit at any time during the year at the seat of government or, at the court's discretion, at any other location in this state for the transaction of business, and each term of either court shall begin and end with each calendar year. 4 of Comanche County at the time such levy is made for such purposes. (d) The reapportionment powers of the board shall be exercised in the interims between regular sessions of the legislature, except that a reapportionment may not be ordered by the board during an interim immediately following a regular session of the legislature in which a valid and subsisting statewide apportionment of judicial districts is enacted by the legislature. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. (Added Nov. 6, 2001.) (a) The Supreme Court is responsible for the efficient administration of the judicial branch and shall promulgate rules of administration not inconsistent with the laws of the state as may be necessary for the efficient and uniform administration of justice in the various courts. Its orders for the attendance or testimony of witnesses or for the production of documents at any hearing or investigation shall be enforceable by contempt proceedings in the District Court or by a Master. When convened en banc, five Judges shall constitute a quorum and the concurrence of five Judges shall be necessary for a decision. Sec. It also empowers Congress to admit new states and administer the territories and other federal lands . This clause was added to the clause that provided extradition for fugitives from justice.[4]. 28. The property of state regulated common carriers required by law to pay a tax upon intangible assets shall not be subject to taxation by the Authority. In trials of civil cases in the District Courts, nine members of the jury, concurring, may render a verdict, but when the verdict shall be rendered by less than the whole number, it shall be signed by every member of the jury concurring in it. The adoption of a reapportionment order requires a majority vote of the total membership of the board. 5b: See Appendix, Note 3.). (Feb. 15, 1876. Copyright 2023 by the Texas State Law Library. Each county in the State may provide, in such manner as may be prescribed by law, a Manual Labor Poor House and Farm, for taking care of, managing, employing and supplying the wants of its indigent and poor inhabitants. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS BOARD; REAPPORTIONMENT OF JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISION for Sec. If, after formal hearing, or after considering the record and report of a Master, the Commission finds good cause therefor, it shall issue an order of public admonition, warning, reprimand, censure, or requirement that the person holding an office or position specified in Subsection (6) of this Section obtain additional training or education, or it shall recommend to a review tribunal the removal or retirement, as the case may be, of the person and shall thereupon file with the tribunal the entire record before the Commission. Sec. If an election is called under this subsection, the commissioners court shall order the ballot for the election to be printed to permit voting for or against the proposition: "Reinstating the office of Constable of Precinct No. No redistricting plan may be proposed or adopted by the legislature, the Judicial Districts Board, or the Legislative Redistricting Board in anticipation of a future action by the voters of any county. When a judge of the District Court is disqualified by any of the causes above stated, the parties may, by consent, appoint a proper person to try said case; or upon their failing to do so, a competent person may be appointed to try the same in the county where it is pending, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. 1: See Appendix, Note 1.). TRIAL BY JURY IN CIVIL CASES. 16. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS; DISTRICT JUDGES; TERMS OR SESSIONS; ABSENCE, DISABILITY, OR DISQUALIFICATION OF DISTRICT JUDGE. The Constitution of the United States contains a preamble and seven articles that describe the way the government is structured and how it operates. DIVISION OF COUNTIES INTO PRECINCTS; JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND CONSTABLES; COUNTY COMMISSIONERS AND COUNTY COMMISSIONERS COURT. If such district or districts are created, they may be authorized to levy a tax not to exceed Seventy-five Cents (75) on the One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) valuation of taxable property within the district; provided, however, no tax may be levied until approved by a majority vote of the participating resident qualified voters. 7: See Appendix, Note 4.). 18: See Appendix, Note 3.). Counties of a less area than nine hundred, but of seven hundred or more square miles, within counties now existing, may be created by a two-thirds vote of each House of the Legislature, taken by yeas and nays and entered on the journals. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Sec. If the tax is authorized by the legislature and approved by the voters of the area to be taxed, the Amarillo Hospital District shall, by resolution, assume the responsibilities, obligations, and liabilities of Randall County in accordance with Subsection (a) of this section and, except as provided by this subsection, Randall County may not levy taxes or issue bonds for hospital purposes or for providing hospital care for needy inhabitants of the county. (TEMPORARY TRANSITION PROVISIONS for Sec. IX, Nov. 6, 2001.) (b) Each district judge shall be elected by the qualified voters at a General Election. Provided, however, that no district shall be created by special law except after thirty (30) days' public notice to the district affected, and in no event may the Legislature provide for a district to be created without the affirmative vote of a majority of the qualified voters in the district concerned. In Mills v. Duryee, 1t1 U.S. (7 Cranch) 481[permanent dead link] (1813), the United States Supreme Court ruled that the merits of a case, as settled by courts of one state, must be recognized by the courts of other states; state courts may not reopen cases which have been conclusively decided by the courts of another state. Most other benefits were held not to be protected privileges and immunities. Article 4 of the Texas constitution creates a plural executive, specifying_______distinct offices in the executive branch. 3: See Appendix, Note 3. The legislature shall provide for the necessary expenses of the board. The Court held. The bonds may not be issued or such tax be levied until approved by such voters. Since the 1987 case of Puerto Rico v. Branstad, federal courts may also use the Extradition Clause to require the extradition of fugitives. Amended Nov. 7, 1978, and Nov. 5, 1985.). (Feb. 15, 1876. Please take our patron satisfaction survey! a. Alabama is, therefore, entitled to the sovereignty and jurisdiction over all the territory within her limits to maintain any other doctrine, is to deny that Alabama has been admitted into the union on an equal footing with the original states to Alabama belong the navigable waters and soils under them. The maximum rate of tax may be changed at subsequent elections so long as obligations are not impaired, and not to exceed the maximum limit of Seventy-five Cents (75) per One Hundred Dollar ($100) valuation. This provision was invoked by Colorado governor Elias M. Ammons in 1914 during the Colorado Coalfield War, as a result of which President Woodrow Wilson sent federal troops to the state.[22]. (Former Sec. CREATION, OPERATION, AND DISSOLUTION OF HOSPITAL DISTRICTS. No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. [21] The utility company claimed that the use of referendums, as a form of direct democracy, violated the republican form of government clause, which permits only a representative democracy. Any person holding an office named in Paragraph A of this subsection who is eligible for retirement benefits under the laws of this state providing for judicial retirement may be involuntarily retired, and any person holding an office named in that paragraph who is not eligible for retirement benefits under such laws may be removed from office, for disability seriously interfering with the performance of his duties, which is, or is likely to become, permanent in nature. The Constitution provides for the extradition of fugitives who have committed "treason, felony or other crime." In a series of opinions by the Supreme Court of the United States, referred to as the Insular Cases, the Court ruled that the territories belonged to, but were not part of the United States. (f) The Legislature by general law may prescribe the qualifications of constables. The rights found in the Texas Bill of Rights: contain some ideas that move beyond those guaranteed by the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution. 13: See Appendix, Note 3.). The Legislature shall pass laws regulating the manner of removing county seats, but no county seat situated within five miles of the geographical centre of the county shall be removed, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the voters voting on the subject. Article IV addresses something different: the states' relations with each other, sometimes called "horizontal federalism." Its first section, the Full Faith and Credit Clause, requires every state, as part of a single nation, to give a certain measure of respect to every other state's laws and institutions. 27: See Appendix, Note 3.). The constitution is silent on the question of whether or not a state may unilaterally leave, or secede from, the Union. (e) and (f) added Nov. 3, 1987; Subsecs. The ______________ model of leadership emphasizes that leaders have different sorts of relationships with different employees. Ralph dies without having made a will. The legislature by law may determine the health care services a hospital district is required to provide, the requirements a resident must meet to qualify for services, and any other relevant provisions necessary to regulate the provision of health care to residents. The Framers added a process for amending, or changing, the Constitution in Article V. Since 1789, the United States has added 27 amendments to the Constitution. All the obligations of perpetual union, and all the guaranties of republican government in the Union, attached at once to the State. (Added Nov. 6, 1962; amended Nov. 8, 1966, and Nov. 7, 1989.). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. (Feb. 15, 1876. (a) The Legislature may by law authorize the creation of a Hospital District to be co-extensive with the limits of County Commissioners Precinct No. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this union; but no new states shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the Congress. If you would like to locate a library book, access the library catalog. The office of every such Justice and Judge shall become vacant on the expiration of the term during which the incumbent reaches the age of seventy-five (75) years or such earlier age, not less than seventy (70) years, as the Legislature may prescribe, except that if a Justice or Judge elected to serve or fill the remainder of a six-year term reaches the age of seventy-five (75) years during the first four years of the term, the office of that Justice or Judge shall become vacant on December 31 of the fourth year of the term to which the Justice or Judge was elected. Instead, by entering the Union, Texas was found to have surrendered control over the water and the soil under it to Congress. REMOVAL OF COUNTY OFFICERS. [2] Alleged fugitives generally may not challenge extradition proceedings. What happens to the standard deviation of return for a portfolio if we increase Sec. 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